Field observations of bedforms in high sediment transport conditions
Bibliographic record
Abstract
In the first reported use of MHz-frequency acoustics to study small-scale bedforms in the near shore zone, Dingler and Inman were able to observe the evolution of transition ripples under energetic groupy waves near the flat bed threshold. They found that these low-relief, long-crested bedforms appeared to be obliterated under the largest waves in a group, and subsequently reformed in one or two wave periods [J. Dingler and D. Inman, Proc. 15th Coastal Conf., Vol. II, 2109–2126 (1976)]. More recently, measurements of linear transition ripples were made during an autumn storm event using scanning wide beam and fixed narrow beam sonars, as well as a high resolution laser-illuminated video system. These observations also indicate the occasional apparent disappearance of these ripples, and also their reformation at the same locations. The question arises as to whether the disappearance is apparent (the result of increased near bed sediment concentration and the definition of bed elevation based on reflection amplitude) or real (planing off of the ripple crests by sheet flow).
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".