INTESTINAL HEMODYNAMIC EFFECTS OF MILRINONE IN ASPHYXIATED NEWBORN PIGS AFTER REOXYGENATION WITH 100% OXYGEN
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Neonatal asphyxia can result in poor perfusion, vasoconstriction, and decreased oxygen delivery in the intestine. Milrinone increases myocardial contractility and causes peripheral vasodilatation. We examined the dose-response of milrinone on the intestinal circulation, oxygen metabolism, and injury in a newborn piglet model of asphyxia-reoxygenation. Piglets (aged 1-3 days, weighing 1.5-2.3 kg) were acutely instrumented to measure superior mesenteric artery (SMA) flow and oxygen delivery. After stabilization, hypoxia (inspired oxygen concentration, 0.08-0.15) was induced for 2 h followed by reoxygenation with 100% O2 for 1 h then 21% O2 for 3 h. At 2 h of reoxygenation, saline or milrinone infusion at doses of 0.25, 0.5, or 0.75 microg/kg per min was given for 2 h in a blinded randomized fashion (n = 7 per group). Hemodynamic and oxygen transport parameters were analyzed at predefined time points. Intestinal tissue lactate concentrations, plasma milrinone levels, and intestinal glutathione redox status were determined at the end of the experiment. In the intestinal tract, milrinone significantly increased SMA flow and oxygen delivery while decreasing vascular resistance at a dose of 0.75 microg/kg per min (P < 0.05, ANOVA). A modest increase in SMA flow and oxygen delivery was found with milrinone at 0.5 microg/kg per min. Plasma milrinone levels correlated with SMA flow and vascular resistance (r = 0.5 and r = -0.6, respectively, P < 0.05). Intestinal lactate concentrations and histopathology were not significantly different among groups. Oxidized glutathione correlated with SMA vascular resistance and negatively with milrinone levels (r = 0.6 and r = -0.5, P < 0.05). When used to treat shock in a newborn model of asphyxia-reoxygenation, milrinone dose-dependently increases SMA flow and oxygen delivery with a significantly decreased SMA vascular resistance at higher doses.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it