Analysis of lidar measurements of ice clouds at multiple incidence angles
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The focus of this paper is the retrieval of the oscillation angle of crystals around the horizontal plane, in low‐level ice clouds, using the lidar depolarization ratio. An ice cloud located between 0.5 and 2.25 km of altitude has been studied. Measurements were taken near Montreal, on February 2nd, 2000, with a 1.06‐μm lidar with scanning capability and dual polarization. The scanning observations show high variations of both backscattering coefficient and depolarization ratio, that are usually associated with horizontally‐oriented crystals. A technique has been developed to retrieve the average crystals oscillation angle: the evolution of the measured lidar depolarization ratio with the lidar beam incidence angle on the cloud is compared with simulations of lidar depolarization ratio computed through ray‐tracing. For the fore mentioned case, the average crystal oscillation angle is estimated to be 12° and the relative quantity of oriented ice crystals in the cloud to be 20%.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".