Modeling the splash of a droplet impacting a solid surface
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
A numerical model is used to simulate the fingering and splashing of a droplet impacting a solid surface. A methodology is presented for perturbing the velocity of fluid near the solid surface at a time shortly after impact. Simulation results are presented of the impact of molten tin, water, and heptane droplets, and compared with photographs of corresponding impacts. Agreement between simulation and experiment is good for a wide range of behaviors. An expression for a splashing threshold predicts the behavior of the molten tin. The results of water and especially heptane, however, suggest that the contact angle plays an important role, and that the expression may be applicable only to impacts characterized by a relatively low value of the Ohnesorge number. Various experimental data of the number of fingers about an impacting droplet agree well with predictions of a previously published correlation derived from application of Rayleigh–Taylor instability theory.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it