Macrophages, not neutrophils, infiltrate skeletal muscle in mice deficient in P/E selectins after mechanical reloading
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Our objective was to test the hypothesis that endothelial selectins, P and E selectins, are necessary for leukocyte migration after muscle injury from unloading/reloading. Mice hindlimbs were suspended for 10 days followed by reloading periods of 6 or 24 h after which the soleus muscle was dissected. Light microscopic observations showed that macrophages, but not neutrophils, were able to invade soleus muscles in mice deficient in P/E selectins (P/E-/-) during reloading periods. The recruitment efficiency of neutrophils after 6 and 24 h of reloading was minimal in P/E-/- mice relative to unloaded animals. The recruitment of macrophages in the soleus muscle was preserved in P/E-/- mice. The concentration of macrophages increased by 8.1-fold compared with unloaded muscles in double-mutant mice after 24 h of reloading. The accumulation of macrophages in reloaded muscles did not lead to fiber necrosis. Together, these findings indicate that macrophages can invade skeletal muscle through cellular mechanisms that do not involve P/E selectins during skeletal muscle reloading.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".