Niobium Anodic Oxide Films: Effect of Incorporated Electrolyte Species on DC and AC Ionic Current
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Ellipsometric measurements on anodic oxide films grown on niobium in phosphoric acid were found to show behavior characteristic of films consisting of two layers, but films grown in chloride solution showed the behavior typical of uniform films. It was concluded that as with tantalum, phosphate but not chloride ions are taken up in the outer part of the film, which grows by metal ion motion. The logarithm of the steady‐state current density was linear in the field in the oxide for films grown in chloride solution and nonlinear for films formed in phosphate solution. It is concluded that, as with tantalum, the nonlinearity for some electrolyte solutions is caused by incorporation of electrolyte species in the outer part of the films rather than being a fundamental feature of the ionic transport process. The small signal ac response of the ionic current density was studied for both electrolyte solutions. These measurements gave information on steady‐state and stepped field kinetics and on the distribution of relaxation times involved in the transients observed when the current or field is suddenly changed. The steady‐state and stepped field admittivities from the ac + dc measurements were normalized by the dielectric permittivities of the films grown in the different solutions. © 2000 The Electrochemical Society. All rights reserved.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".