Calyculin A and Outward K+ Channel Currents in Rat Tail Artery Smooth Muscle Cells
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Protein dephosphorylation mediated by phosphatases represents an important mechanism for modulating the functions of the targeted proteins. Calyculin A has been extensively used as a specific inhibitor of protein phosphatases. However, the effect of calyculin A on K channel currents in vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs) and the underlying mechanisms had been unknown. It was found in the current study that calyculin A inhibited the whole-cell outward K channel currents in rat tail artery SMCs in a concentration-dependent (median inhibitory concentration, 12.6 n ) and reversible fashion. The extracellular applied calyculin A induced a biphasic change in K current amplitude with an initial transient increase followed by a long-lasting inhibition (n = 6). The intracellularly applied calyculin A (100 nM ) caused a lesser inhibition (33 +/- 1%) of K channel currents than that caused by the extracellularly applied calyculin A (55.3 +/- 8% inhibition) and did not result in an initial increase in K channel currents. The inhibitory effect of the intracellularly applied calyculin A on K channel currents was reversed to a stimulatory effect after ATP was omitted from the intracellular solution. The K currents inhibited by calyculin A were conducted by the iberiotoxin-sensitive K channels in SMCs. Moreover, okadaic acid (0.03-3 microM ) did not cause any significant change in K(Ca) channel currents. In conclusion, calyculin A inhibited K(Ca) channel currents in vascular SMCs. This effect of calyculin A, however, was not mediated by the inhibition of protein phosphatases.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".