Bibliographic record
Abstract
The presence of Zr hydrides can greatly reduce the ductility and fracture toughness in a pressure vessel made of Zr alloy. Understanding how the hydrides form and grow is critical to flaw assessment for the pressure tubes. The process of hydride growth in Zr-2.5%Nb has been monitored in-situ in high-energy synchrotron X-ray radiation. The C-shaped specimen with a V-notch was held under constant load at a temperature where hydride formation was ensured. The development of hydride size and elastic strains in both the hydrides and the Zr matrix was recorded. Afterwards, the hydride morphology was characterized by Scanning Electronic Microscopy. A finite element program in combination with a process zone model and a diffusion model has been used to interpret the experimental data for better understanding the hydride growth process. The hydride length and morphology are well predicted, given that the information of hydride size and hydrostatic stress is properly updated and exchanged between the process zone and diffusion models. The effect of creep has been included in the modeling but found relatively small compared to that of hydride volumetric expansion. The elastic strains in Zr are well reproduced except that disagreement with the experiment is found in the hydrided region. This analysis provides further evidence that the process zone and diffusion models can be used to predict the hydride size and morphology development. Further modeling at a micro-structural level is needed for improving predictions of the stress/strain state in the hydrides, which is essential to the development of a sound hydride crack initiation model.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".