Remodeling of resistance arteries in essential hypertension and effects of antihypertensive treatment
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Essential hypertension is characterized by increased peripheral vascular resistance to blood flow. This resistance results mostly from energy dissipation in small arteries and arterioles. Small decreases in the lumen of these arteries significantly increase resistance. Resistance arteries may play an important role in the development, and may contribute to the complications, of hypertension. Recent studies have demonstrated that the media-lumen ratio of small arteries has prognostic significance in relation to cardiovascular events in hypertensive subjects. Almost all hypertensive patients have vascular-structure remodeling; however, only some exhibit endothelial dysfunction. In particular, endothelial dysfunction is less common in mild hypertension. In both experimental models and humans with hypertension, antihypertensive treatment may partially correct the remodeling of small arteries and arterioles. Some antihypertensive drugs can correct small artery structure and impaired endothelial function. Because the degree of remodeling predicts events in hypertensive subjects, and endothelial dysfunction results from the oxidative stress that may also predict events, correction of small artery structure and function may favorably affect outcomes in hypertension. This improvement in morbidity and mortality end points could be a long-term effect, however, making it difficult to prove in trials lasting 3 to 5 years. Nevertheless, many patients with hypertension will be treated for decades; therefore, the potential long-term benefits of vascular protection might be quite important.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.003 | 0.004 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".