Effect of Chronic Exercise and Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibition on Rodent Thoracic Aorta
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Vascular reactivity can be modulated by local physical factors as well as pharmacologic manipulations. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of chronic exercise (EX) with or without the ACEI captopril (CAP) on vascular reactivity. Sixty-four Sprague-Dawley male rats were randomized into 4 groups (n = 16): group 1, control; group 2, captopril; group 3, exercise; and group 4, exercise and captopril. After 10 weeks of treatment, rats were killed, and their thoracic aortas harvested. Vascular reactivity was studied in an organ chamber (n = 12). Aortic endothelium constitutive nitric oxyde synthase (NOS3) expression was determined by Western blot analysis (n = 4). Endothelial-dependent relaxation was increased in both CAP and EX rats relative to the control group. Maximal aortic relaxations were enhanced in the CAP group, and potencies of these mediators were enhanced in the EX group (P < 0.05 versus control). Combined treatment did not result in a synergistic effect. NOS3 relative expressions were: group 1, 100%; group 2, 241%; group 3, 64%; and group 4, 108%. Exercise enhanced both potencies and efficacies of the mediators studied, whereas CAP increased mainly their efficacies. NOS3 protein expression was up-regulated in CAP-treated rats but not in exercised rats. These findings suggest different mechanisms for the observed increased vascular reactivity.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".