Insulin sensitivity and secretion in children and adolescents with hypothalamic obesity following treatment for craniopharyngioma
Bibliographic record
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Craniopharyngioma (CP), a tumour occurring in the hypothalamic-pituitary area, results in morbid obesity in 25-60% of affected children. It has been suggested that abnormalities of insulin secretion and/or insulin action due to hypothalamic injury may be associated with weight gain and the metabolic syndrome in this population. AIM: To evaluate: (i) insulin secretion (IS) and insulin sensitivity (Si); (ii) features of the metabolic syndrome (MS) and (iii) factors involved in risk for diabetes and heart disease in obese youth treated for CP. METHODS: Obese subjects treated for CP were compared to BMI-matched control subjects. All subjects underwent anthropometric, blood pressure, resting energy expenditure and body fat assessment. Cholesterol and inflammatory markers, oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) and frequent sampling intravenous glucose tolerance test (FSIGT), with calculation of IS and Si, were performed. RESULTS: Fifteen CP subjects and 15 controls (C) were studied. There were no differences between CP and C for age, gender, BMI or pubertal status. MS was present in 10/15 CP and 3/15 C (P = 0.03), including impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) in 6/15 CP and 0/15 C (P = 0.02). Measures of IS, including first and second phase IS, and insulin area-under-the-curve (AUC(ins)) during OGTT, were significantly higher in CP. Si, measured by frequent sampled intravenous glucose tolerance test (Si-FSIGT), was significantly lower in CP subjects (0.96 +/- 0.34 vs. 1.67 +/- 0.7; P = 0.01). AUC(ins) was negatively correlated with Si-FSIGT (r = -0.62; P = 0.003). CONCLUSION: Children with CP and hypothalamic obesity have more features of MS, increased IS and IGT prevalence and lower Si compared with BMI-matched controls.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".