Verifying Timing and Frequency of Revealed Preference Violations and Application to the BSE Outbreak in Japan
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This paper proposes a method to differentiate a socioeconomic shock from other transitory shocks in the revealed preference test by verifying the timing and frequency of the demand shifts. If frequency of the revealed preference violations is substantially high in a period that is synchronized with the timing of a socioeconomic shock, it suggests that changes in the demand patterns are because of the socioeconomic shock. Specifically, this paper splits the entire sample into several subperiods and compares the expected probability and realized probability of noting observations involved in the shifts. The method is applied to the Japanese and South Korean meat import demand related to the bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) outbreak in Japan. Empirical results show that there are excess violations after September 2001 in the Japanese data but not in the South Korean data, suggesting that the BSE event has influenced Japanese meat import demand, but not South Korean meat import demand. Le présent article propose une méthode pour distinguer un choc socioéconomique d'autres formes de chocs transitoires dans le test des préférences révélées en vérifiant le moment et la fréquence des déplacements de la demande. Si la fréquence des violations de préférences révélées est substantiellement élevée au cours d'une période correspondant à la survenue d'un choc socioéconomique, les changements observés dans les courbes de demande pourraient être liés au choc socioéconomique. Plus particulièrement, nous avons divisé l'échantillon en plusieurs sous‐périodes et avons comparé la probabilité anticipée et la probabilité réalisée d'après les observations notées dans les déplacements. Nous avons appliqué cette méthode à la demande d'importation de viande du Japon et de la Corée du Sud à la suite de la flambée d'ESB au Japon. Les résultats empiriques ont montré de nombreuses violations après septembre 2001 dans les données japonaises, mais non dans les données sud‐coréennes, ce qui porte à croire que l'épisode d'ESB a influencé la demande d'importation de viande du Japon, mais non celle de la Corée du Sud.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.007 | 0.051 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".