Equipment for the analysis of the behaviour of concrete under restrained shrinkage at early ages
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This paper describes an experimental set-up which was built to evaluate the visco-elastic deformations that can occur when a specimen of concrete is placed in a fully restrained condition from the time it is cast. It consists of two distinct devices. The first one allows the measurement of the free autogenous shrinkage from time t = 0. The second one, which includes a movable head, is used to determine the increase in load due to autogenous shrinkage, also from time t = 0. In both cases, the specimen is cast directly into the mould after mixing, and is then sealed. In the equipment with a movable head, the specimen is allowed to shrink (or swell) freely until it reaches a predetermined strain, at which time a sufficient force is applied to pull (or push) it back to its original position. It is then left again to shrink (or swell) while the force that is applied is maintained constant until the predetermined strain is once more reached, at which point the force is increased in order to pull (or push) it back to its original position. Such a procedure allows the determination of the stress build-up in the specimen as a function of time. It also allows the determination of the visco-elastic deformation (and thus of the stress relaxation) in the restrained shrinkage specimen by subtracting (at any given point in time) the cumulative sum of the strains in the restrained shrinkage specimen from the free shrinkage in the companion specimen. The results of a first series of tests on a mortar mixture are presented and discussed.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.007 | 0.003 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".