A Simple Thermal Model of PEM Fuel Cell Stacks
Bibliographic record
Abstract
A simple model is developed that determines the temperature distribution through a unit fuel cell with straight flow channels, in steady state operation. Using the large aspect ratio of the typical fuel cell geometry, the thermal model approximately decouples cross-plane thermal transport at each channel location. Using the fact that in-plane thermal conductivities are much larger than through-plane in typical bipolar plate construction, it is possible to further approximate the cross-plane thermal transport with a simple, one-dimensional model. We then consider the thermal coupling of several unit cells connected in series. In this way, we can simulate the effect of an anomalously hot cell in a stack environment. We take as inputs to the model the cell voltage and local current density, membrane resistance and condensation rates from a previously developed model. The thermal model outputs the average coolant temperature and the temperature distribution through the bipolar plates and membrane electrode assembly at each location down the channel. Although we are aware that there are significant coupling effects between the thermal distribution and performance, this is not taken into account in this study.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.005 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".