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Record W2074158238 · doi:10.3141/2103-02

Speed and Safety

2009· article· en· W2074158238 on OpenAlex
Ezra Hauer

Why this work is in the frame

A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.

affAt least one author lists a Canadian institution in the pinned OpenAlex snapshot.

Bibliographic record

VenueTransportation Research Record Journal of the Transportation Research Board · 2009
Typearticle
Languageen
FieldEngineering
TopicTraffic and Road Safety
Canadian institutionsUniversity of Toronto
Fundersnot available
KeywordsContext (archaeology)Speed limitSpillover effectEnforcementAffect (linguistics)Computer scienceTransport engineeringPsychologyEngineeringGeographyEconomicsPolitical scienceLaw

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

The speed at which people elect to travel is affected by vehicle and road design; by limits to speed and enforcement of those limits; by traffic control, signs, and markings; and so forth. The speed at which people travel, in turn, affects road safety. In this context two questions arise: ( a) How is the evolution of speed over time and space affected by what drivers do? ( b) How does speed affect safety? This paper reviews what is known, notes the gaps in knowledge, and describes where opinions differ and why. Unfortunately, despite decades of speed measurement and monitoring, the evolution of speed over time is poorly documented, and the understanding of what drives the evolution is largely missing. It is known that speeds evolve over time, but not why; it is known that there is some spillover of the change from one road to another, but its size or extent cannot be predicted. This is a neglected field of inquiry. More is known in answer to Question b. There can be no reasonable doubt that if speed increases while other conditions (vehicles, roads, medical services) remain unchanged, the accidents that occur will tend to be more severe. However, the prevalent and strongly held belief that the greater the speed, the higher is the probability that accidents will occur is, at present, not well supported by research. Even so, given a change in mean speed, one can predict the consequences in injuries and fatalities and this paper discusses how to do so.

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

Full frame distilled prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.003
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.000
Version: codex-gemma-dda1882f352aValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesnone
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Observational · Consensus signal: none
GenreCandidate signal: Empirical · Consensus signal: Empirical
Teacher disagreement score0.621
Threshold uncertainty score0.866

Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0030.000
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0000.000
Bibliometrics0.0010.001
Science and technology studies0.0000.000
Scholarly communication0.0000.000
Open science0.0010.000
Research integrity0.0000.002
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0000.000

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.047
GPT teacher head0.335
Teacher spread0.287 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it