Pilot Study of Ureteral Movement in Stented Patients: First Step in Understanding Dynamic Ureteral Anatomy to Improve Stent Comfort
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Ureteral stents may cause significant morbidity, including pain, dysuria, hematuria, and infection. New biomaterials, coatings, and designs have been studied in an attempt to reduce stent-related symptoms, but to date, the ideal comfortable stent has not been developed. In order to facilitate development of a stent that will mold and change with patient movement, we examined stent and ureteral movement with changes in patient body position. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Four women and two men with a median age of 60.5 +/- 7.7 years who underwent shockwave lithotripsy and insertion of a ureteral stent were enrolled. Static radiographs were performed with the patients in four positions: supine, standing, sitting, and bending forward. Differences in stent position were analyzed digitally relative to fixed bony reference points to determine ureteral movement. RESULTS: The renal stent curl was most cephalad when the patient was supine and moved caudally an average of 2.5 +/- 1.5 cm when the patient stood up. The absolute vertical length of the stent was greatest when the patient was supine (31.1 +/- 1.2 cm) and shortened with standing (28.3 +/- 2.3 cm) and sitting (26.6 +/- 1.5 cm). The bladder curl moved an average of 2.3 +/- 1.2 cm vertically with patient movement. CONCLUSIONS: By measuring stent position, we were able to quantify the range of motion of the ureter during changes in body position. Stent movement appears to be a combination of bowing in the proximal ureter and moving within the bladder. Future stent designs may take this into account to decrease stent-related symptoms.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it