Comparison of the influence of nitrate ions on the electrochemical behaviour of iron and carbon steels in sulphate solutions
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The effect of nitrate ions on the electrochemical behaviour of iron (ferrite) and two carbon steels (martensite and pearlite) in sulphate solutions of different pH values was investigated by cyclic voltammetry polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The pitting inhibiting effect of nitrate ions on ferrite in sulphate media is pH dependent. Nitrate ions were unable to inhibit the pitting on ferrite in neutral sulphate solutions, but did effectively protect passivated ferrite from pitting in acidic sulphate solutions. No pitting occurred on the surface of the martensite and pearlite specimens in sulphate solutions regardless of the pH of the solutions. At the open-circuit corrosion potentials, the three materials underwent general corrosion. The impedance spectra for the three materials measured in neutral sulphate solutions containing nitrates and chlorides at the corrosion potentials all showed a capacitive loop, while in acidic sulphate solutions their impedance spectra were greatly reduced in size and displayed at least a low frequency impedance loop (inductive or capacitive loop) besides the well-known high frequency capacitive loop. The variation of the impedance behaviour with pH is explained.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".