Extraction of metals from a contaminated sandy soil using citric acid
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Twenty‐four‐hour washing of a contaminated soil with 0.5 M citric acid reduced the levels of Cd, Cu, Zn, and Pb from 0.01, 0.04, 0.42, and 41.52 mg g‐1 to 0, 0.02, 0.18 and 5.21 mg g‐1, respectively. Extending the washing period beyond 24 hours did not influence the results significantly. Metal ions present in higher amounts were removed more easily. A column study was also conducted to compare metal leaching with surface and subsurface application of 0.3 M citric acid to 60 cm long soil columns packed with metal‐contaminated soil. Results indicated that the uniform distribution of citric acid, applied through the subirrigation system, resulted in a more efficient extraction of metal ions. The extraction of Zn and Pb from the columns with subsurface application of citric acid was, respectively, 38 and 27 times higher than from the columns with surface application of citric acid. After washing the contaminated soil with various citric acid concentrations, the metal‐rich wash solution was treated effectively using chitosan flakes.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.057 | 0.002 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it