Decalcification mechanism of concrete by organic matters in atmosphere
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This study confirmed that concrete structures and historical structures made of limestone absorb environmental endocrine disrupters such as anion surfactant and phthalic acid esters contained in windshield washer fluid by using 1 H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), gas chromatograph mass spectrometer (GC–MS), and other analytical techniques. Furthermore, it was confirmed that environmental endocrine disrupting organic matter, including phthalic acid esters, penetrated into concrete and accelerated its deterioration and that calcium salt of phthalic acid esters existed in decalcified concrete by means of solid-state cross polarization magic angle spinning carbon-13 (CPMAS 13 C) NMR and electron probe microanalysis (EPMA). This phenomenon was demonstrated in a laboratory experiment. Bone mineral content (BMC) and a specific surface area of decalcified concrete slabs were measured in each layer in the depth direction, and it was revealed that deterioration was more severe and cement paste was more porous in the layers closer to the slab surface.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".