NIR to Visible Upconversion in Nanocrystalline and Bulk Lu<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>:Er<sup>3+</sup>
Bibliographic record
Abstract
In this paper we investigate the upconversion luminescence of bulk and nanocrystalline Lu 1.98 Er 0.02 O 3 following excitation into the 4 I 11/2 level using 980 nm radiation. After NIR continuous wave excitation, blue, green, and red emissions were observed for both samples under investigation with the green emission dominating the upconversion spectrum. A power study reveals that the 4 S 3/2 (green) and 4 F 9/2 (red) emitting levels are populated via two-photon excited-state absorption (ESA) and energy-transfer upconversion (ETU) processes. Upconversion from the 2 P 3/2 level is attained via a three-step phonon-assisted energy-transfer process. A marked temperature dependence of the excited-state lifetimes in both the bulk and nanocrystalline samples was evidenced.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".