Electrodeposition of composite polypyrrole–carbon nanotube films
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Polypyrrole (PPY) films were electrochemically deposited on stainless steel substrates from aqueous pyrrole solutions containing p-toluene sulphonic acid and 4,5-dihydroxy-1,3-benzenedisulphonic acid disodium salt (tiron). The deposition potential of PPY in the solutions containing tiron was 0·2 V lower than that in the solutions containing p-toluene sulphonic acid. It was found that tiron can be used for the dispersion of multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) and fabrication of composite PPY–MWCNT films. The deposition yield was studied under galvanostatic conditions. The mechanism of PPY–MWCNTs deposition in the presence of tiron was discussed. The incorporation of MWCNTs into the PPY during electropolymerisation resulted in the formation of porous films. The films were investigated for the application in electrodes of electrochemical supercapacitors. Cyclic voltammetry data for the films tested in the 0·5M Na2SO4 solutions showed a capacitive behaviour in a voltage window of −0·5 to +0·4 V versus a saturated calomel electrode. The composite PPY–MWCNT films showed improved capacitive behaviour and lower electrical resistance compared to the pure PPY films. A highest specific capacitance (SC) of 310 F g−1 was obtained at a scan rate of 2 mV s−1 for the composite films. The SC decreased with an increasing film thickness and scan rate. The cycling stability of the films was investigated. The results indicated that the PPY–MWCNT films deposited on the stainless steel substrates are promising electrode materials for electrochemical supercapacitors.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".