Effect of wall angle on Al 3003 strain hardening for parts formed by computer numerical control incremental forming
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
The change in material properties for annealed Al 3003 after computer numerical control (CNC) incremental forming was studied through a series of tensile tests. Specific shapes were designed with wall angles of 20–60°, in 10° increments, to allow for removal of flat specimens of adequate size. A relationship was found, with plots of stress-strain curves, showing an increase in yield and necking stress for increasing wall angle. Empirical equations proposed by both Hollomon and Voce were applied to the data, showing the usefulness of each method for Al 3003 formed to large strains. Strain data were used to offset the stress-strain curves, and show a tendency to follow an overall curve. A log plot of these offset curves resulted in a straight line, and therefore a Hollomon equation was determined for Al 3003 over the full range of working strain.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
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