Harmonic suppression performance of a 5GHz MMIC class-E PA using a lowpass lumped-element impedance termination approximation
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Lowpass lumped-element load coupling network approximation of class-E switching conditions are very common at microwave frequencies, where the classic approach is not feasible. Although such modified lowpass networks are a valuable approach in approximating class-E efficiency at microwaves, harmonic suppression of these networks has to be considered closely together with switching-mode circuits. This paper assesses experimentally the harmonic output of a fabricated monolithic microwave integrated circuit (MMIC) C- band class-E power amplifier (PA) utilising a modified lowpass load transformation topology. Measurements show that harmonic output of the class-E PA based on such a network without additional filtering is -19.1 dBc, -30.5 dBc and -38.5 dBc for the second, third and fourth harmonic frequency components, respectively.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".