Radio Polarization from the Galactic Plane in Cygnus
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
We present 1420 MHz (lambda=21cm) observations of polarized emission from an area of 117 degree square in the Galactic plane in Cygnus, covering 82 < l < 95, -3.5 < b < +5.5, a complex region where the line of sight is directed nearly along the Local spiral arm. The angular resolution is ~ 1', and structures as large as 45' are fully represented in the images. Polarization features bear little resemblance to features detected in total power: while the polarized signal arises in diffuse Galactic synchrotron emission regions, the appearance of the polarized sky is dominated by Faraday rotation occurring in small-scale structure in the intervening Warm Ionized Medium. There is no concentration of polarization structure towards the Galactic plane, indicating that both the emission and Faraday rotation occur nearby. We develop a conceptual framework for interpretation of the observations. We can detect only that polarized emission which has its origin closer than the polarization horizon, at a distance d_ph; more distant polarized emission is undetectable because of depth depolarization (differential Faraday rotation) and/or beam depolarization (due to internal and external Faraday dispersion). d_ph depends on the instrument used (frequency and beamwidth) as well as the direction being studied. In our data we find that d_ph ~ 2 kpc, consistent with the polarization features originating in the Local arm.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it