Particle−Particle Interactions and Chain Dynamics of Fluorocarbon and Hydrocarbon Functionalized ZrO<sub>2</sub> Nanoparticles
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The chain conformation and dynamics of hydrocarbon and perfluorocarbon fatty acids adsorbed on 4 nm ZrO2 particles were characterized by solid-state 13C chemical shift and 19F NMR relaxation measurements, respectively, and compared to those from previous studies on lower surface area fumed metal oxide powders. The interdigitation of chains between neighboring particles, which increases with chain length, can be detected from the splitting of the 13C NMR and 19F NMR signals of the CH3 and CF3 groups, respectively. Similar to the case of alkanethiol self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) on gold nanoparticles, this interdigitation allows for efficient chain packing despite the high surface curvature. The hydrocarbon chains on the ZrO2 nanoparticles are more ordered, and the reversible chain length dependent order-disorder transition temperatures are elevated relative to those of the same fatty acids adsorbed on fumed ZrO2 powder. Likewise, the 19F spin lattice relaxation times of the fluorocarbon chains approach those of the bulk acids with increasing chain length and interdigitation, indicating densely packed chains.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".