Subthreshold CMOS active inductors with applications to low-power injection-locked oscillators for passive wireless microsystems
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This paper investigates gyrator-C active inductors in weak inversion. An injection-locked active inductor oscillator in weak inversion designed in IBM-0.13μm 1.2V CMOS technology and analyzed using SpectreRF from Cadence Design Systems with BSIM4 device models. The injection-locking signal is generated using a generic ring oscillator. Simulation results show that the phase noise of the injection-locked active inductor VCO is much smaller as compared with that of the same active inductor VCO but without injection-locking. Also observed is that the phase noise of the injection-locked active inductor VCO is approximately the same as that of injection ring VCO when frequency offset is less than 200 kHz and increases when frequency offset is beyond 200 kHz. The power consumption of the oscillator is 776 nW at 13 MHz. With the proper biasing voltage, the tuning range of active inductor VCO is from 6.5 MHz to 34.6 MHz. The layout area of the injection-locked oscillator including bond pads and an output buffer is 0.67 mm2. The silicon consumption of the core of the oscillator is only 13 μm2.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".