Effect of split application of fertilizer nitrogen on N<sub>2</sub>O emissions from potatoes
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
The timing of fertilizer nitrogen (N) application influences the availability of NO 3 − as a substrate for denitrification. This study examined the effect of split application of fertilizer N on N 2 O emissions and denitrification rate in potato (Solanum tuberosumL.) production over 2 yr. Three treatments were used: 0 or 200 kg N ha -1 at planting, and 120 kg N ha -1 at planting plus 80 kg N ha -1 at final hilling. Fertilizer N application increased cumulative N 2 O emissions. Split fertilizer N application decreased cumulative N 2 O emissions in 2003, but not in 2002, compared with all fertilizer N applied at planting. A greater proportion of N 2 O emissions occurred between planting and hilling in 2003 (67%) compared with 2002 (17%). In 2003, the higher emissions during this period resulted from the coincidence of high soil NO 3 − availability and increased rainfall resulting in reduced aeration. Split N application was effective in reducing N 2 O emissions by minimizing the supply of NO 3 − when demand for terminal electron acceptors was high. N 2 O emissions were higher in the potato hill relative to the furrow; however, denitrification rate was higher in the furrow. Nitrate intensity (NI) expresses the exposure of the soil microbial population to NO 3 − and was calculated as the summation of daily soil nitrate concentration over the monitoring period. Cumulative N 2 O emissions were positively related to NI across year, N fertility treatment and row location. Denitrification was not related to NI, reflecting the primary role of NO 3 − in influencing the N 2 O:N 2 ratio of denitrification rather than the magnitude of the overall process. Split N application was an effective strategy for reducing N 2 O emissions in years where there was significant rainfall during the period between planting and hilling. Key words: Denitrification, nitrous oxide, aeration, nitrate intensity, split N application, terminal electron acceptor, Solanum tuberosum
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it