Phase Transformation of Nanosized ZrO<sub>2</sub> upon Thermal Annealing and Intense Radiation
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
The phase stability and microstructure evolution of zirconia nanofilms on Si substrates prepared by ion beam assisted deposition (IBAD) upon thermal annealing and intensive radiation have been studied by in situ transmission electron microscopy (TEM), ex situ X-ray diffraction, and Raman spectroscopy. For as-prepared amorphous-dominant ZrO 2 thin films, a phase transformation sequence of amorphous-to-tetragonal and tetragonal-to-monoclinic has been identified upon increasing annealing temperature from 500, 850, to 1000 °C. This phase transformation sequence varying with annealing temperature is accompanied by concomitant grain growth from ∼5 to ∼50 nm, consistent with the grain-size-controlled phase stability as a result of total energy crossover among different zirconia polymorphs. Upon ion bombardments of 350 KeV O + and 1 MeV Kr 2+ at room temperature, a monoclinic-to-tetragonal phase transformation was observed in the monoclinic-dominant ZrO 2 . This monoclinic-to-tetragonal phase transformation may be attributed to the oxygen vacancy accumulation in ZrO 2 upon irradiation. Furthermore, both 1 MeV Kr 2+ and 350 KeV O + bombardments on the amorphous-dominant ZrO 2 lead to an amorphous-to-tetragonal phase transformation as a result of radiation-induced recrystallization process. Thermodynamically metastable tetragonal ZrO 2 phase can be stabilized at room temperature under intensive radiation by relatively low-energy ion bombardments. These results suggest a method of combining both thermal annealing and ion beam technique for controlling ZrO 2 phase stability and thus tailoring materials properties for many engineering applications including actinide host matrix for advanced nuclear energy systems.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it