Phase Transformation of Nanosized ZrO<sub>2</sub> upon Thermal Annealing and Intense Radiation
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The phase stability and microstructure evolution of zirconia nanofilms on Si substrates prepared by ion beam assisted deposition (IBAD) upon thermal annealing and intensive radiation have been studied by in situ transmission electron microscopy (TEM), ex situ X-ray diffraction, and Raman spectroscopy. For as-prepared amorphous-dominant ZrO 2 thin films, a phase transformation sequence of amorphous-to-tetragonal and tetragonal-to-monoclinic has been identified upon increasing annealing temperature from 500, 850, to 1000 °C. This phase transformation sequence varying with annealing temperature is accompanied by concomitant grain growth from ∼5 to ∼50 nm, consistent with the grain-size-controlled phase stability as a result of total energy crossover among different zirconia polymorphs. Upon ion bombardments of 350 KeV O + and 1 MeV Kr 2+ at room temperature, a monoclinic-to-tetragonal phase transformation was observed in the monoclinic-dominant ZrO 2 . This monoclinic-to-tetragonal phase transformation may be attributed to the oxygen vacancy accumulation in ZrO 2 upon irradiation. Furthermore, both 1 MeV Kr 2+ and 350 KeV O + bombardments on the amorphous-dominant ZrO 2 lead to an amorphous-to-tetragonal phase transformation as a result of radiation-induced recrystallization process. Thermodynamically metastable tetragonal ZrO 2 phase can be stabilized at room temperature under intensive radiation by relatively low-energy ion bombardments. These results suggest a method of combining both thermal annealing and ion beam technique for controlling ZrO 2 phase stability and thus tailoring materials properties for many engineering applications including actinide host matrix for advanced nuclear energy systems.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".