Endothelial function in coronary arterioles from pigs with early-stage coronary disease induced by high-fat, high-cholesterol diet: effect of exercise
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Because hypercholesterolemia can attenuate endothelial function and exercise training can augment endothelial function, we hypothesized that exercise training would improve endothelial function of coronary arterioles from pigs in the early stages of cardiovascular disease induced by a high-fat, high-cholesterol (HF) diet. Yucatan miniature swine were fed a normal-fat (NF) diet or HF diet (2% cholesterol) for 20 wk in which 8 and 46% of their calories were derived from fat, respectively. Both groups were subdivided into sedentary (Sed) or exercise-trained (Ex) groups. This resulted in four experimental groups: NFSed, NFEx, HFSed, and HFEx. Endothelial function was assessed in coronary arterioles 75-100 microm in diameter dissected from the left ventricular apex. Responses to endothelial-dependent dilation induced by bradykinin (BK), ADP, and flow were similar in all four groups, whereas dilation to aggregating platelets in the presence of indomethacin and ketanserin was attenuated in HFSed arterioles (P = 0.01). The attenuated response to aggregating platelets was prevented or reversed in HFEx arterioles (P = 0.03). In HFSed arterioles, BK induced release of an indomethacin-sensitive prostanoid constrictor. In contrast, after exercise training, there was no evidence of this constrictor and BK-induced release of an indomethacin-sensitive prostanoid dilator in HFEx arterioles (P = 0.04). Endothelial nitric oxide synthase protein in arterioles was significantly reduced in HF groups (P < 0.05) and increased in Ex groups (P < 0.05). Interestingly, the relative contribution of nitric oxide to BK-induced dilation, as assessed with nitro-L-arginine methyl ester, was similar in arterioles in the NF, HF, Sed, and Ex groups. These results suggest that, in the early stages of cardiovascular disease, a high-fat, high-cholesterol diet has modest effects on endothelial-dependent dilation in coronary arterioles; nonetheless, these effects are prevented or reversed with exercise training.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".