Autologous Transplantation in Patients with Acute Myeloid Leukemia in First Remission with IL-2-Cultured Marrow or Peripheral Blood Stem Cells Followed by in vivo IL-2
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Background: Autologous transplantation using the patient’s marrow or peripheral blood stem cells is still plagued by high relapse rates mostly due to the lack of a graft-versus-leukemia (GVL) effect. We have developed a strategy to combine immunological purging of the autograft and posttransplant immunotherapy. Material and Methods: Bone marrow (BM) and/or peripheral blood progenitor cells (PBPC) were harvested from patients with AML who had poor prognostic features. Leukapheresis after priming with G-CSF was performed immediately after entering first remission and the harvested cells were cultured for 8 days in the presence of interleukin-2 (IL-2), that supports the expansion and activation of cytotoxic cells. The blood cells were then harvested from the culture containers and given to the patient who had received myeloablative chemotherapy during the culture period. Patients were given daily injections of IL-2 for the first week in order to maintain the cytotoxic activity of the transplanted blood cells. Results: Over the last years we have refined this technique and have treated 19 patients. Side effects have been acceptable with most patients developing high temperatures during posttransplant IL-2 treatment. However, all finished the prescribed course. Transplantation of PBPC either alone or together with BM resulted in much faster engraftment than transplantation with BM alone. Disease-free survival in these high-risk patients is encouraging. Conclusion: Culture of BM and/or PBPC in IL-2 for 1 week allows both immuno-logic purging and adoptive immunotherapy to be applied in patients receiving autografts for AML.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".