Low-nose CMOS active transformer voltage-controlled oscillators
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
This paper presents CMOS active transformers synthesized using MOS transistors only and their applications in VCOs. The characteristics of CMOS active transformers are analyzed, and the self and mutual components of the quality factor of transformers are investigated. Simulation results of LC, quadrature, and transformer VCOs with active inductors and active transformers show that active transformer VCOs exhibit a much lower level of phase noise as compared with corresponding LC and quadrature VCOs with active inductors. The phase noise of the designed 1.5 GHz active transformer VCO in TSMC-0.18 mum 1.8 V CMOS technology is -109.4dBc/Hz at a 1 MHz offset the carrier and is comparable to that of VCO with spiral inductors. The power consumption of the oscillator is 30.5 mW with 83 mum <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> active area.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it