Investigating the motion of particles in an ultrasonic acoustic wave field using PIV/PTV
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The influence of a multi-wavelength acoustic standing wave field on the motion of micron-sized particles is experimentally investigated using particle image velocimetry/particle tracking velocimetry (PIV/PTV) to examine existing theories describing the radiation force on particles. An ultrasonic acoustic wave is introduced into a column chamber containing a mixture of distilled water and a disperse population of spherical particles. In this system the acoustic field is aligned with gravity to form horizontal bands of particles, which are also influenced by buoyancy and drag forces. Accounting for these forces with the acoustic radiation pressure, the motion of an individual particle is modeled. There is a good agreement between the pattern of the particles motion in experimental results and the predicted single particle motion; however, due to the concentration of particles in the experiment, a difference is observed in the maximum value of the velocity of the particles in the experiment and in the single particle model.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".