Study of cyclic operation of RO desalination process
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract The performance of a tubular reverse osmosis (RO) process for water desalination was investigated when the unit was periodically forced. The study was performed using a dynamic model that was developed and validated in a previous work of the authors [Al‐haj Ali et al., Desalination; 245, 194–204 (2009)]. The forcing was carried out through feed pressure using both symmetric and asymmetric rectangular pulses. For a symmetric pulse, it was found that the permeate flow rate increased monotonically with the forcing amplitude. The improvement in the permeate flow rate was limited by the constraints on the operating pressure. For an asymmetric pressure pulse, the permeate flow rate reached a clear maximum for some values of ratio of pulse width to the period. For both pulses, the model predicted that the enhancement in the permeate flow rate was attributed to the reduction in the effect of concentration polarisation. Moreover, the trends obtained with both symmetric and asymmetric shapes were consistent with the experimental results reported in the literature.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".