Analytical calculation of the longitudinal electric field resulting from the tight focusing of an ultrafast transverse-magnetic laser beam
Bibliographic record
Abstract
A purely time-domain approach is proposed for the propagation of vectorial ultrafast beams in free space beyond the paraxial and the slowly varying envelope approximations. As an example of application of this method, we describe in detail the vectorial properties of an ultrafast tightly focused transverse-magnetic (TM(01)) beam, where special attention is given to the longitudinal electric field component. We show that for spot sizes at the waist comparable to the wavelength, the beam diverges more rapidly than expected from paraxial theory. A consequence of this phenomenon is a faster decrease of the amplitude of the longitudinal field away from the waist and a faster evolution of the axial Gouy phase shift in the vicinity of the focus. It has been observed that the phase of the beam has an overall variation of 2pi from z=-infinity to infinity, independent of the beam spot size at the waist and pulse duration.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".