Formation mechanism and dynamics in polymer surface gratings
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
We present the results of time-dependent x-ray and visible light (VIS) scattering measurements during formation of surface relief grating (SRG). These gratings are formed on polymer films containing azobenzene side groups during pulselike exposure with a holographic pattern of circularly polarized light at 488 nm. The SRG formation is accompanied by a density grating just below the film surface. Assuming viscoelastic flow, a change in polymer's elastic properties upon light exposure can explain the massive material transport. Finite element calculations reveal a dynamic model of grating formation characterized by different relaxation times. The simultaneous formation of a surface relief grating and of a density grating explains quantitatively the findings of the VIS experiment, but only qualitatively the findings of the x-ray measurements.
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Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
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Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
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