SPIRE spectroscopy of the prototypical Orion Bar photodissociation region
Bibliographic record
Abstract
<i>Aims. <i/>We present observations of the Orion Bar photodissociation region (PDR) obtained with the SPIRE instrument on-board <i>Herschel<i/>. <i>Methods. <i/>We obtained SPIRE Fourier-transform spectrometer (FTS) sparse sampled maps of the Orion bar.<i>Results. <i/>The FTS wavelength coverage and sensitivity allow us to detect a wealth of rotational lines of CO (and its isotopologues), fine structure lines of C and N<sup>+<sup/>, and emission lines from radicals and molecules such as CH<sup>+<sup/>, CH, H<sub>2<sub/>O or H<sub>2<sub/>S. For species detected from the ground, our estimates of the column densities agree with previously published values. The comparison between <sup>12<sup/>CO and <sup>13<sup/>CO maps shows particularly the effects of optical depth and excitation in the molecular cloud. The distribution of the <sup>12<sup/>CO and <sup>13<sup/>CO lines with upper energy levels indicates the presence of warm (~100–150 K) CO. This warm CO component is a significant fraction of the total molecular gas, confirming previous ground based studies.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".