“A Most Detestable Crime”: Gender Identities and Sexual Violence in the District of Montreal, 1803-1843
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This paper explores the ambivalent attitudes of the criminal justice system, and indeed of society as a whole, towards crimes of sexual violence in Montreal from 1803-43. Nineteenth-century society acknowledged that rape was a heinous crime deserving of harsh punishment, yet the courts were confronted with a much murkier reality in which drastically different and gendered accounts of the alleged crime were presented by the accuser, the accused, and the witnesses. Female complainants defined rape in terms of personal violation; the accused conceived of it in the context of negotiation of their sexual access to women; judges and juries conceptualized rape in terms of dominant ideas about appropriate gender relations; and medical doctors understood rape in terms of bodily marks and physical signs. The criminal court for the District of Montreal becomes a microcosm in which societal ideas about relationships between men and women were articulated, constructed, resisted, and imposed.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.018 | 0.009 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.003 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.005 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".