When tea is a luxury: The economic impact of HIV/AIDS in Bulawayo, Zimbabwe
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Health is a development issue in that loss of productivity, income and human potential all compromise the rate at which any country, developing or industrialised, can progress. However, the rapid spread of HIV/AIDS differs from most health issues in that it strikes people in the prime of life, who otherwise should have decades left in which to build the economic and social capital of their families and communities. While HIV/AIDS crosses all socio-economic groups, its impacts are greater on the poor, powerless and marginalised. During the last two decades, HIV/AIDS has become an increasingly global phenomenon, with recent warnings about high prevalence in both India and China. However, with twenty-eight million Africans living with HIV/AIDS, Africa has been hardest hit by the pandemic, with more than 70 per cent of all HIV/AIDS sufferers globally. Further evidence is just as devastating: Africa now has thirteen million orphans, 40 per cent of all children eligible for elementary school are not in school because they are providing care for sick relatives, and last year more than one million children lost their teachers to AIDS (CBC TV, “Canada and AIDS”, interview with Stephen Lewis, June 18 2002).
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.004 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.003 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.004 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".