Juvenile Atlantic and Shortnose Sturgeons (Family: Acipenseridae) Have Different Hematological Responses to Acute Environmental Hypoxia
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Experiments were conducted to determine the behavioral and physiological responses to acute hypoxic challenges in Atlantic (Acipenser oxyrinchus) and shortnose (Acipenser brevirostrum) sturgeons. We measured the ventilatory rate following a 45-mmHg hypoxic challenge, as well as a variety of hematological parameters, including O2 transport and hormonal, ionic, and metabolic variables, following a 1-h exposure to either 75- or 30-mmHg hypoxic challenges. Compared to fish in normoxic conditions (Pwo2 150 mmHg), juveniles of both species increased their ventilatory rate by approximately 40% when exposed to a 1-h challenge at 45 mmHg Pwo2. Hematological variables (e.g., hematocrit, hemoglobin, and Na+ and Cl- levels) did not change substantially following a 1-h challenge at 75 mmHg Pwo2. Conversely, a severe hypoxic challenge of 30 mmHg caused changes in several hematological variables (e.g., whole blood glucose and plasma cortisol and lactate levels). Most of these hematological parameters returned to prehypoxic levels within 2 h. Severe environmental hypoxia elicited the same basic pattern of response in both species; however, maximal plasma lactate levels were higher in Atlantic sturgeons, and maximal cortisol levels were higher in shortnose sturgeons. Whether these species differences are related to dissimilar hypoxia-tolerance, ecological, and/or endocrinological characteristics between these two species is not entirely clear.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".