Changes in intestinal and hepatic thyroid hormone deiodination during spontaneous metamorphosis of the sea lamprey,Petromyzon marinus
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
We measured microsomal low-K(m) outer-ring deiodination (ORD) and inner-ring deiodination (IRD) activities for thyroxine (T(4)) and 3, 5,3'-triiodothyronine (T(3)) in intestine and liver in nonmetamorphosing (undersized) larvae, immediately premetamorphic larvae, animals in stages 1-7 of metamorphosis, and immediately postmetamorphic sea lampreys (Petromyzon marinus). For intestine: T(4)ORD activity was relatively low in nonmetamorphosing larvae, increased in premetamorphic individuals, was highest in stages 1 and 2 and was very low during stages 3-7; T(4)IRD activity was negligible until stage 3 but increased 4.7-fold through stages 3 to 7 such that T(4)IRD activity was 14 times T(4)ORD activity at stage 6; T(3)ORD activity was undetectable; T(3)IRD activity was not measured through stages 3-7 but correlated with T(4)IRD activity at other stages. For liver: deiodination was only measured up to stage 2 and in postmetamorphic animals; in contrast to intestine, T(4)ORD activity fell to low levels at stage 2 and was low during postmetamorphosis; T(4)IRD and T(3)IRD activities were very low and uninfluenced by developmental stage; T(3)ORD activity was undetectable. We conclude that (1) deiodination activity is usually much higher in intestine than in liver, (2) intestinal ORD and IRD activities change reciprocally so that ORD predominates in early metamorphosis but IRD predominates in mid and late metamorphosis, and (3) changes in intestinal deiodination may contribute to the characteristic depression of plasma T(4) and T(3) levels during spontaneous metamorphosis. J. Exp. Zool. 286:305-312, 2000.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it