Expulsion of the gastrointestinal cestode, <i>Hymenolepis diminuta</i> by tolerant rats: evidence for mediation by a Th2 type immune enhanced goblet cell hyperplasia, increased mucin production and secretion
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
The processes underlying expulsion of Hymenolepis diminuta in rats are not known. Expression levels of mRNAs of several cytokines revealed a Th2 response that differed between worm infection levels. IL-4 protein levels decreased while IL-13 levels increased in a 50-worm infection by 30 dpi; the converse was seen with a five-worm infection. A negative correlation was found between IL-4 or IL-13 mRNA expression and worm biomass, between IL-13 protein levels and worm number or worm biomass, and between IL-4 protein levels and worm biomass in 50-worm infections. A negative correlation between IL-4 mRNA or protein expression and worm biomass was observed with five-worm infections. A strong correlation between Muc2 mRNA expression and decreased worm number or biomass in a 50-worm infection was observed. Muc2 protein, goblet cell numbers and mucin decreased in a 50-worm infection by 20 days post-infection. These changes were not seen with five-worm infections where worms are not expelled. The data show that rats infected with 50 H. diminuta mount a Th2 response leading to high levels of IL-13, increased goblet cell numbers and increased mucin2 production and release. The mucus traps the worms, which are progressively expelled from the small intestine.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it