Simulation based tropical cyclone sensing using space-based GNSS-R
Bibliographic record
Abstract
A technique to sense tropical cyclone using the reflections from Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) satellites is presented in this paper. The two exponential vortex model proposed by Willoughby is employed to generate the cyclone wind profile which is used to simulate the delay-Doppler map (DDM) of the cyclone dominated sea surface based on the Zavorotny and Voronovich (Z-V) GNSS scattering model. Subsequently, the spatial integration approach (SIA) is applied to retrieve the scattering coefficients from the simulated DDMs. Two cases in which the cyclone eye co-locates with the specular point (SP) and is away from the SP are analyzed. A performance characterization including retrieval accuracy is demonstrated with respect to cyclone location. Simulated retrieval result shows that the technique proposed is promising.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".