Effects of capillary forces on copper∕dielectric interfacial void evolution
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
The shape evolution of interface voids in copper metallization systems under electromigration stress is modeled including instabilities driven by both capillary and electron wind forces. The model employs a three-dimensional, axisymmetric, finite-difference method combined with a boundary-element electrical potential. With zero electric field or with small fields applied, a large void experiences a capillary instability which leads to open circuit failure. As the electric field becomes larger, the growth of this instability is suppressed and the void shape stabilizes. Thus, for a typical electromigration stress condition, a large copper void elongates its shape along the interface parallel to the electric field, suggesting a mechanism for the delayed open circuit failure observed in copper integrated circuit metallization system.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it