Electrophoretic deposition of manganese dioxide films using new dispersing agents
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Electrophoretic deposition (EPD) method has been developed for the fabrication of manganese dioxide (MD) films for application in electrochemical supercapacitors (ES). Anionic dyes were used as dispersing agents for MD synthesis and EPD. The adsorption of pyrogallol red (PGR) and aurintricarboxylic acid (ACA) dyes on MD was attributed to catecholate and salicylate type of bonding respectively involving chelation of Mn atoms on the MD particle surface. The adsorption of the dyes on MD allowed efficient dispersion, charging and deposition. The higher charge/mass ratio of ACA, compared to that of PGR, allowed deposition at lower dye concentration and lower voltages. The kinetics and mechanism of deposition were discussed. Electrochemical testing results showed that the MD films prepared by the EPD method are promising for application in ES. The highest specific capacitance of 409 F g−1 was obtained at a scan rate of 2 mV s−1.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it