Formation of Multilayers on Glassy Carbon Electrodes via the Reduction of Diazonium Salts
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The functionalization of carbon electrodes with aryl films can be achieved via the electrochemical reduction of the corresponding diazonium salt. We have previously shown that this deposition procedure will produce multilayer films on ordered graphite under certain conditions. We examine here the formation of multilayer films on glassy carbon (GC) electrodes by potential step electrolysis of diazonium salts for longer periods of time. The deposition of diethylaniline (DEA) is tracked with the use of infrared reflectance absorption spectroscopy and scanning force microscopy. DEA is continually deposited over a 30 min potential step and the film thickness approaches 20 nm. Phenylacetic acid and nitrophenyl films that are 15−25 nm thick can also be deposited in this way. We also find that, despite the presence of a relatively thick DEA film on a GC electrode, electron transfer to benchmark redox systems is not completely blocked. We attribute the compromised blocking to a high density of defects in the film structure.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".