Carry-over effects in brown trout (<i>Salmo trutta</i>): hypoxia on embryos impairs predator avoidance by alevins in experimental channels
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Laboratory experiments on brown trout (Salmo trutta) embryos suggest that sublethal stress in the gravel nest such as hypoxia may alter the behaviour and survival of fish during the early juvenile period. Eggs and embryos were incubated at constant temperature (8.2 °C ± 0.6 standard deviation) under nonlethal dissolved oxygen (DO) concentrations (3.0 mg·L–1; 26% air saturation level) and normoxia (10.3 mg·L–1DO; 90% air saturation level). The average survival from fertilization to end of embryonic development was 70% and 85% for hypoxic and normoxic groups, respectively. Hypoxic embryos grew slowly compared with their normoxic counterparts, but similar body sizes were observed when yolk-sac absorption was completed. Fish incubated as hypoxic embryos delayed their emergence from the gravel in experimental channels. In presence of freshwater sculpin (Cottus gobio), their swimming activity was reduced by 20%, on average, and predation was enhanced by 14% compared with normoxic groups. Results support the view that subtle events early in a fish's ontogeny can have carry-over effects on later periods of its life cycle, and this phenomenon may be a significant source of variation in salmonid fitness.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".