Basidiomycetous endophytes in New Zealand Aneuraceae (simple thalloid liverworts, Metzgeriidae) and the derived status of the monotypic genus<i>Verdoornia</i>
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The ultrastructure of endophytic basidiomycetes in two New Zealand species of Aneura and the endemic genus Verdoornia is compared with that in northern hemisphere members of the Aneuraceae. The discovery of a basidiomycete colonization in Verdoornia and a reappraisal of earlier morphological data confirms molecular evidence that this is a derived genus nested within the Aneuraceae rather than a primitive isolated taxon, as considered previously. Throughout the Aneuraceae, the basidiomycetes exhibit similar colonization patterns; initial proliferation of dikaryotic, non-clamp-forming hyphal coils within the host cells is followed by senescence and aggregation of collapsed hyphae into large masses. Multiple cycles of colonization are common. Dolipores with imperforate parenthesomes indicate that the fungi are all heterobasidiomycetes. In line with earlier cross-colonization experiments showing complete host specificity, differences in hyphal diameters and dolipore dimensions suggest that the fungi belong to different taxa. The New Zealand aneuracean fungi have multilayered walls similar to their northern hemisphere counterparts. Within the Aneuraceae there appears to be a trend from very limited or no endophyte colonization in Riccardia to colonization of the entire thallus in Cryptothallus. The cytology of the fungal associations in Aneura and Verdoornia is highly suggestive of mixotrophy.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".