Flow Around Finite Circular and Square Cylinders in an Open Channel
Bibliographic record
Abstract
An experimental investigation was performed to study the structure of the flow field around finite circular and square cylinders in a water channel. Detailed velocity measurements using a particle image velocimetry (PIV) system and proper orthogonal decomposition (POD) analysis were conducted to examine the structures in the near-wake region. Iso-contours and profiles of mean velocities and some turbulent quantities at various streamwise locations were reported. The proper orthogonal decomposition was applied to provide insight into the structure of the flow. The results show that the vortex in the square cylinder is bigger and extends to cover part of the free end of the cylinder. There is also an up-wash flow from the base of the cylinders to form saddle points. The saddle point in the square cylinder is closer to the free end than in the circular cylinder. The low order reconstructed turbulent intensities from POD show that the square cylinder has more large scale structures than the circular cylinder.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".