Triterpenes in elms in Spain
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Diethyl ether-petroleum ether extracts were prepared from 49 samples of bark from four elm species (Ulmus glabra Hudson, Ulmus laevis Pall, Ulmus minor Miller, and Ulmus pumila L.) and hybrids from crosses between three of these species. Chemical analyses were performed by gas chromatography mass spectrometry. Ten triterpenes and three sterols were identified. These compounds are discussed in terms of chemotaxonomy of the genus and identification of hybrids, and in relation to the differential attractivity for elm bark beetle feeding. Separation of the four pure species was successfully achieved by the use of the multivariate discriminant analysis. Ulmus minor × U. pumila hybrids were clearly segregated from their parental species, while U. minor × U. glabra trees were misclassified as U. minor by a multivariate discriminant analysis. Three compounds are described for the first time in the family Ulmaceae and two more in the genus Ulmus. Some of the triterpenes and sterols isolated only in U. glabra and U. laevis may be responsible for the deterrence of bark beetles to feed on these least preferred species.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.003 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".