Role of glutathione in plant signaling under biotic stress
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Glutathione (GSH) is a non-protein thiol compound which has been repeatedly reported to play an important role in plant responses during biotic stresses. However, our knowledge of glutathione-related molecular mechanisms underlying plant defense responses still remains limited. We first discovered that the Arabidopsis thaliana phytoalexin deficient 2-1 (pad2-1) mutant was linked to glutathione deficiency since the mutation was identified in the GSH1 gene encoding the first enzyme of glutathione biosynthesis: Glutamate Cysteine Ligase (GCL). Interestingly, this glutathione-deficient mutant pad2-1 also displays a high susceptibility to a wide range of invaders. We recently reported that the glutathione deficiency in pad2-1 is directly related to a low content of GCL protein. In parallel, we highlighted that the altered redox potential in pad2-1 upregulates the oxidative-stress marker genes GR1, GSTF6 and RbohD during infection with the hemibiotrophic oomycete Phytophthora brassicae. Moreover, the impairment of early signaling events such as plasma membrane depolarization, production of nitric oxide and reactive oxygen species also correlates with the reduced hypersensitive response (HR) observed during P. brassicae infection. Concerning the impaired salicylic acid (SA)-dependent pathway in pad2-1, our results indicated that transcripts of IsoChorismate Synthase1 (ICS1, a main enzyme of SA biosynthesis) do not accumulate in response to pathogen. In this review, we integrate previous knowledge and recent discoveries about pad2-1 to better understand the involvement of glutathione in the pad2-1 pleiotropic phenotype observed during biotic stresses.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it